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The Evolution Site The theory of evolution through natural selection is the unifying force of modern biology. It connects disciplines such as genetics, microbiology and palaeontology. However the study of evolution is often controversial and the resulting misinformation can confuse people regarding the fundamentals of evolution. This website helps to to clarify the fundamental concepts. What is Evolution? The modern understanding of evolution is based on the gradual change that occurs within populations over time. These changes are caused by natural selection, which increases the number of organisms that possess beneficial traits that help them survive and reproduce in a particular environment. The organisms that have these traits produce more offspring because of the positive characteristics. This leads to the genetic changes that can eventually lead to the formation of new species. 에볼루션 사이트 Evolution “ is often associated with “survival-of-the fittest” which means that those who are more adjusted to certain conditions will have a distinct advantage over those less well adapted. This is just one of many ways that evolution can happen. Another popular way to use the term “evolution” is to suggest that a species can change from one state to the next. This type of view of evolution is known as anagenetic or cladogenesis. The definition of evolution that scientists have developed is not in agreement with this view. Instead, the scientific theory of evolution focuses on changes that occur within populations over time, and these changes are caused by genetic mutations and natural selection. Certain scientists, including the great Charles Darwin, advocated this view of evolution. Alfred Russel Wallace who developed the macroevolution theory believed this was only way the higher living forms could have evolved. In order for a concept to be considered a theory, it has to be capable of surviving rigorous tests and evidence. The evidence of evolution has withstood the test of time and has been backed by numerous studies in many scientific disciplines, from biology to geology to chemistry to astronomy. In actual fact evolution is regarded as one of the foundations of science today, and is supported by the vast majority of scientists across the globe. However, many people have misconceptions about the theory of evolution, specifically the relationship it has with religion. What is the Theory of Evolution (Evolutionary Theory)? Evolution is an explanation for how living things change over time. It is based upon a few well-established facts: that many more offspring are born than can be surviving and that different individuals have their physical traits and they can transmit traits to the next generation. These findings are supported by the increasing amount of evidence from molecular biology, palaeontology, climatology, functional morphology and geology. Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace independently developed the theory of evolution through selection in the middle of the 19th century as a reason why organisms are able to adapt to their physical and biological environments. It is today the most supported and widely-tested theory in all of science. Its predictions were proven by the evidence, for example that more complex organisms have fewer genetic mutations. The more successful an organism is in terms of its longevity and reproducing, the more likely it will pass its genes on to the next generation. Some people oppose evolution because they believe it implies there is no purpose for life. Many scientists who are religious believers such as the Cambridge Palaeontologist Simon Conway Morris (BioLogos, 2014) believe that evolution is compatible with faith in God and even enhanced by it. In fact, a large number of highly trained evolutionary biologists, including a few who are revered evangelical Christian leaders, have been involved in the development and testing of the theory of evolution. Many of these scientists have contributed to the understanding of a broad variety of phenomena, like phylogenetics, genomics and the formation and purpose of fossils. The term “theory” is often used to refer to a guess or speculation but in reality it refers to a scientific idea that has been systematically developed and tested over time. Scientists test their theories by repeating the experiments or observations that resulted in them. Therefore, the theory of evolutionary theory has been repeatedly confirmed, along with the related theories of Copernican theory, atomic theory, and germ theory. What is the Process of Evolution? The process of evolution is the gradual shift over time in the percentage of genetically distinct individuals within a particular species. This change is a result of natural selection, which favors individuals who are more adapted to their environment. The more adapted individuals have higher chances of reproduction and survival. As more of these individuals survive and reproduce, their genes are more prevalent in the population. This is often referred to as “survival of the strongest.” According to the theory of evolution the mutations that cause genetic variation are the basic material for evolution. These mutations could occur at random or be affected by the environment. When mutations are random the frequency of the resultant alleles could differ from generation to generation. When an alteration is beneficial, it will increase the frequency of the allele, causing it to spread throughout the population. Over time, these changes in the frequencies of alleles can result in the creation of new species. The new species will then grow and evolve into new forms. This is known as macroevolution. The development of new species is typically caused by changes in the environment that make certain resources accessible or creates new environmental challenges. The evolution of finches in the Galapagos Islands, for example, is due to the availability of new foods and the need to defend themselves against predators. In a wider context the term “evolution” refers to any change that occurs in the characteristics of living organisms over time. The change could be subtle, like the development of a new color or a dramatic change, such as the formation of an organ. Scientists who believe in the theory of evolution generally agree that genetic change is important in the process of generating evolution. They also acknowledge that the process of evolution occurs over a long period of time, typically millions of years. However, they differ on the importance of different factors in speeding or slowing this process, such as the influence of environmental pressures sexual selection and mutation bias. Despite these differences most scientists still believe that evolution is real and that the evidence in support of this is overwhelming. What evidence do we have to support evolution? Since Darwin's time, scientists have gathered evidence that supports his theory of evolution. This evidence is gathered from fossils that demonstrate the evolution of living organisms over time. Other evidence is found in similarities among living organisms embryology, biogeography, genetics and comparative anatomy. The evolutionary tree is the best method of proving evolution. It demonstrates how species are related. Homologous structures are another evidence. They share a similar structure but serve different purposes in different species, such as the wing of a bird or bat. The fact that different species develop and adapt to a similar environment is also evidence of evolution. For instance, arctic foxes and ptarmigans have seasonal white pelts that blend into snow and ice. This is a type of convergent evolutionary mechanism, which suggests that the species have shared common ancestors. Vestigial structures are another piece of evidence. They are the remains of an organism which may serve a function in the distant past. The human appendix, for instance is a remnant of an organ that once used to digest food. Natural selection is a process that causes the structures to shrink when they cease to be used. Scientists have also gathered evidence for evolution by observing and testing. The evidence for evolution can be divided into six distinct categories: directly observed changes at a small scale, biogeographic distributions, comparative anatomy fossil records and genetics. Each of these provides convincing evidence that the evolution of life took place. While many people are misinformed about the theory of evolution It is an empirical fact. It is not a theory but rather a powerful collection that is founded on years of observation. No matter what people believe or disbelieve about the theory of evolution, scientists continue to study and gather new information in order to further know the story of life on Earth. This information will help scientists to better understand how to avoid future global catastrophes, and how to best utilize the resources of our planet. This information will also help us better serve the needs and desires of the people who live on our planet.